目次 |
<熟語集>前置詞の頻出用法を伴う熟語 |
[25]感情の原因を表す at | [31]除去・奪取を表す of |
[26]追求を表す for | [32]知覚の対象を表す of |
[27]交換・代償・代用を表す for | [33]依存・支柱を表す on |
[28]原因・理由を表す for | [34]付与を表す with |
[29]休止・阻止・防止を表す from | [35]結果・調査を表す into |
[30]相違・区別を表す from |
(1) | I | was surprised at | her reaction. | (〜に驚く:(a) → (f) の順に強くなる) |
(a) | was astonished at | |||
(b) | was amazed at | |||
(c) | was astounded at | |||
(d) | was shocked at | |||
(e) | was startled at | |||
(f) | was stunned at | |||
(g) | was taken aback at | (〜に面食らう) | ||
(h) | wondered at | (≒be surprised at) | ||
(i) | marveled at | (よい意味で驚く、感心する) | ||
(j) | started at | (〜にびくっとする) |
(2) | I | was frightened at | that scene. | (〜にぎょっと・ぞっとする) |
(a) | was scared at | (frighten より口語的) | ||
(b) | was terrified at | (frighten より非常に強意的) | ||
(c) | was horrified at | (不快感を伴う) | ||
(d) | was alarmed by |
(3) | I | am glad at | this job. | (〜を見て・聞いて・知ってうれしい) |
(a) | am pleased at/with | (〜を見て・聞いて・知って喜ぶ) | ||
(b) | am delighted at/with | (please より強意的) | ||
(c) | am content(ed) with | (〜にほどほどのところで満足する) | ||
(d) | am satisfied with | (〜に完全に満足する) | ||
(e) | am rejoiced at/in | (≒ rejoice at/in。delight の堅い語) |
(4) | I | was angry at/about | the noise. | (〜のことで怒る) | |
(a) | was offended at | (堅い語) | |||
(b) | was annoyed at | (一時的にいらいらする) | |||
(c) | was irritated at | (いらいらする) | |||
(d) | was provoked by | (be angry より堅い) | |||
(e) | was displeased at | (不快になる) | |||
(f) | was perplexed at | (当惑する:puzzle より強意的。解決できない不安・心配を含意) | |||
(g) | was vexed at/about | (やや古い語) | |||
(h) | was puzzled about | (困っている) | |||
(i) | was bewildered by | (ろうばいする) | |||
(j) | was bothered by | (悩まされる) | |||
(k) | was embarrassed at | (人前で恥ずかしい思いをする) | |||
(l) | was troubled about | (悩む) | |||
(m) | was exasperated at | (憤慨する:堅い語) | |||
(n) | was indignant at | (憤慨している:堅い語) |
(1) | I will | look for | the book. | (〜を捜す) |
(a) | seek for | (捜す:堅い語) | ||
(b) | search for | (捜す) | ||
(c) | feel for | (手探りで捜す) | ||
(d) | fumble for | (手探りで捜す) | ||
(e) | hunt for | (捜し求める:くだけた語) | ||
(f) | ask for | (求める) |
(2) | We | hope for | peace. | (〜を望む) |
(a) | wish for | (容易に得られないものを望む) | ||
(b) | long for | (切望する、思いこがれる) | ||
(c) | yearn for | (切望する、恋しく思う:long より堅い語) | ||
(d) | pine for | (切望する、思いこがれる) | ||
(e) | are anxious for | (切望する:期待通りになるかどうかの不安を暗示) | ||
(f) | are eager for | (熱望している) | ||
(g) | are zealous for | (熱望している:堅い語) |
(cf. be enthusiastic about ≒ be keen on ≒ be intent on:〜に熱中している)
(1) He takes nothing for granted.(AをBだと思う) |
(2) They mistook him for his brother.(誤ってAをBだと思う) |
(3) People gave him up for dead.(A を B だとしてあきらめる) |
(4) "His name is B Clark." "What does the B stand for?"(〜を表す) |
(5) His English is so good he could pass for a native.(〜で通用する) |
(6) We substituted red balls for blue, to see if the baby would notice.(A(赤いボール)を B(青いボール)の代わりに使う) |
(cf. We replaced blue balls with red (ones):青いボールを赤いボールと取り替える) |
(7) | This | makes up for | the loss. | (〜の埋め合わせをする、補う) |
(a) | compensates for | (やや堅い語) | ||
(b) | makes amends for | (やや堅い語) |
(1) | He is | well known for | his books. | (知られている) |
(a) | famous for | (有名な:通例よい意味で) | ||
(b) | renowned for | (有名な:堅い語) | ||
(c) | noted for | (著名な:堅い語) | ||
(d) | celebrated for | (名高い:famous より堅い語) | ||
(e) | famed for | (有名な:しばしば新聞の見出しで famous の代わり) | ||
(f) | eminent for | (著名な:堅い語) | ||
(g) | distinguished for | (有名な、すぐれた) | ||
(h) | notorious for | (悪名高い:通例悪い意味で) | ||
(i) | infamous for | (悪名高い:悪い意味で。堅い語) |
(2) | They | blamed | us for the failure. | (A を B のことで非難する) |
(a) | reproach | (怒りより悲しみの意味が強い) | ||
(b) | scold | (特に大人が子供などを叱る) | ||
(c) | censure | (権限のある人などが非難する:堅い語) | ||
(d) | condemn | (厳しく責める) | ||
(e) | rebuke | (しばしば公的に強く非難する:堅い語) | ||
(f) | reprimand | (特に職務に関して叱責する) | ||
(g) | criticize | (非難する) |
(cf. They blamed the failure on the Russians. |
They charged him with the robbery. |
They accused him of the robbery.) |
(3) | I | thank you for | your kindness. | (A に B のことで感謝する) |
(a) | am thankful to you for | (神への感謝に用い、人に用いると grateful より強意的) | ||
(b) | am grateful to you for | |||
(c) | am obliged to you for | (堅い表現で丁寧すぎる感じがする) | ||
(d) | am indebted to you for | (堅い表現) |
(cf. praise A for B:A を B のことでほめる |
punish A for B:A を B のことで罰する |
forgive A for B:A の B(罪)を許す |
for … reason:… の理由で |
shout for joy (pity, grief, sorrow):うれしくて(残念で、悲しくて、悲しくて) |
the 比較級 for A:A なので一層 |
for fear of A:A を恐れて |
for lack (or want) of A:A が不足しているので) |
(1) | Please | keep from | smoking. | (〜するのを差し控える) |
(a) | refrain from | (主に衝動的な行為を差し控える) | ||
(b) | abstain from | (よく考え、努力してやめる) |
(2) | She will | prevent us (from) | starting. | (A が〜するのを妨げる:stop, keep より堅い語) |
(a) | keep us from | |||
(b) | stop us (from) | |||
(c) | discourage us from | (堅い語) | ||
(d) | deter us from | (人・恐怖・不安などが思いとどまらせる:堅い語) | ||
(e) | hinder us from | |||
(f) | obstruct us from | (堅い語) | ||
(g) | prohibit us from | (法・団体などが禁止する:堅い語) | ||
(h) | restrain us from | (やめさせる:prevent より堅い語) |
(cf. check 〜:〜を止める、阻止する:stop より堅い語 |
forbid A (from) doing / to do:(人・事情が)A に〜するのを禁じる |
hamper A:A を阻止する:堅い語 |
impede A:A を邪魔する:堅い語) |
(3) | He | saved | me | from | drowning. | (A を B から救う) |
(a) | defend | from/against | (A を B(敵・危害)から守る) | |||
(b) | guard | from/against | (A を B(攻撃・危害)から守る) | |||
(c) | protect | from/against | (A を B(危険など)から保護する) |
(1) | Your opinion | is different from | mine. | (〜と異なっている) |
(a) | differs from | (〜と異なる) | ||
(b) | varies from | (〜と異なる) | ||
(c) | is diverse from | (〜とはっきり異なっている:堅い語) | ||
(d) | is distinct from | (〜と全く異なっている) |
(cf. disagree with 〜:〜と意見が合わない |
be dissimilar to/from 〜:〜と似ていない:堅い語) |
(2) | He can't | tell | right from wrong. | (A を B と区別する) |
(a) | He doesn't | know | (見分けがつく:通例否定・疑問・条件文で) | |
(b) | distinguish | (区別する:tell の方が一般的) | ||
(c) | differentiate | (詳細・正確に区別する:堅い語) | ||
(d) | discriminate | (区別する:distinguish より微妙な差を区別する) |
(cf. He can't tell (or doesn't know) right and wrong apart. |
He can't distinguish (between) right and wrong.) |
(1) They robbed him of his watch.(A(場所)から B(金・物)を奪う) |
(cf. They stole his watch from him.) |
(2) This law will deprive us of his rights.(A(人・物)から B(人・物・地位・慰安・能力)などを奪う) |
(3) We will rid the world of this disease.(A(物)から B(有害・無用なもの)を取り除く) |
(4) This medicine will cure you of your cough.(A(人)から B(病気・弊害悪癖)を除く) |
(5) He eased her of the burden of her heart.(A(心・体など)から B(苦痛・重荷など)を取り除いて楽にする) |
(6) Let me relieve you of/from that heavy parcel.(A(人)から B(心配・苦痛・やっかいな物)を取り除いて安心させる) |
(7) We cleared the street of snow.(A(場所)から B(邪魔なもの)を取り除く) |
(cf. We cleared snow from the street.) |
(8) She will empty the bag of its contents.(A(容器)から B(中身)を取り出す) |
(cf. She will empty its contents from/out of the bag.) |
(9) The locusts had completely stripped the trees of leaves.(A(場所・人)から B(物・権利など)を取り去る) |
(cf. The locusts had completely stripped leaves from/off the trees.) |
(cf. be bare of A:A(場所)に〜がない |
be clear of A:A(都合の悪いもの)がない |
be free of A:A(当然義務的に負うべきもの・不快なもの)がない |
be free from A:A(不快なもの)がない |
remove A from B:A(物・汚れ・疑い・恐れなど)を B(物・場所)から取り除く) |
(10) | They'll | ask | a lot of/from us. | (A(物)を B(人)に求める) |
(cf. ask us for a lot.) | ||||
(a) | beg | (熱心に請う) | ||
(cf. beg us for a lot.) | ||||
(b) | demand | (権利・権威をもって要求する) | ||
(c) | expect | (当然のこととして期待する) | ||
(d) | require | (要求する:堅い語) | ||
(e) | request | (頼む:堅い語) |
(1) | I | am sure of | success. | (確信している) |
(a) | am certain of | (sure より客観的で、確かな理由があることを含意) | ||
(b) | am confident of | (強意的) | ||
(c) | am persuaded of | (堅い語) | ||
(d) | am convinced of | (強意的) | ||
(e) | am assured of | (堅い語) | ||
(f) | am satisfied of | (文語) | ||
(g) | am positive of | (自信がある) |
(2) | We | know of | the problem. | (〜のことを知っている) |
(a) | are aware of | (感覚的に気づいている:内面的ではなく外面の観察・情報から) | ||
(b) | are conscious of | (意識している:内面的) | ||
(c) | are sensible of | (認識している:堅い語) | ||
(d) | are informed of | (知っている:堅い語) | ||
(e) | are reminded of | (思い出す) |
(3) | He | was accused of | murder. | (〜のことで訴えられる) |
(a) | was convicted of | (〜のことで有罪の判決を下される) | ||
(b) | was guilty of | (〜の罪を犯している) |
(1) | You can't | depend on/upon | John. | (〜に頼る、信頼する) |
(a) | be dependent on | (頼っている) | ||
(b) | rely on/upon | (これまでの経験から頼る) | ||
(c) | count on/upon | (当てにする:くだけた語) | ||
(d) | rest on/upon | (頼る:堅い語) | ||
(e) | bank on/upon | (頼る:くだけた語) | ||
(cf. live on A:A を常食とする、A をよりどころに暮らす | ||||
turn to A:A(人・辞書・計算器など)に頼る | ||||
look to A:A に期待する、当てにする | ||||
resort to A:A(人・物・手段)に訴える) |
(1) | They should | provide us with all things. | (A(人・場所)に B(必要なもの)を予測しあらかじめ準備して供給する) |
(cf. provide all things for us) | |||
(a) | equip us with all things | (A(船・人など)に B(必要なもの)を備えつける:supply に比べて特定の装備を表す) | |
(b) | supply us with all things | (A(人・機関)などに B(足りないもの)を供給する) | |
(cf. supply all things for/to us) | |||
(c) | furnish us with all things | (A(場所・人・会社など)に B(必要なもの)を備える・供給する) | |
(cf. furnish all things to us) | |||
(d) | present us with all things | (A(人・団体)に B(もの)を贈呈する) | |
(cf. present all things to us) | |||
(e) | trust us with all things | (A(人)に B(大事なもの)を委託する:entrust の方が普通) | |
(cf. trust all things to us) | |||
(f) | entrust us with all things | (A(人)に B を任せる:堅い語) | |
(cf. entrust all things to us) | |||
(g) | feed us (with/on) all things | (A(人・動物)に B(食物)を与える:イギリス英語) | |
(cf. feed all things to us) | |||
(h) | invest us with all things | (A(人)に B(権力・性質・地位など)を与える:堅い語) | |
(i) | impress us with all things | (A(人・記憶)に B を印象づける) | |
(cf. impress all things on us) |
(cf. bestow A on B:(A(名誉・賞など)を B(人)に与える:堅い語 |
confer A on B:A(恩恵・贈物・資格・称号など)を B(人)に与える:堅い語 |
impose A on B:A(義務・仕事・罰金・税・意見など)を B(人・物)に課す、押し付ける:堅い語 |
inflict A on B:A(打撃・損害・苦痛・税金・罰金など)を B(人・場所など)に与える、負わせる |
force A on B:A(仕事・考えなど)を B(人)に押し付ける) |
(1) | You can't | change iron into/to gold. | (人が A(人・物・事)を B(人・物・事)に変える) |
(a) | convert A into/to B | (人・物・事が A(物・事)を機能上 B(物・事)に変える) | |
(cf. convert 人 to 宗教:改宗させる) | |||
(b) | divide A into B | (人が A(物・事・人・数)を B に分類する、割る) | |
(c) | make A into B | (A(材料)を B(製品)にする) | |
(cf. make A from B:B から A を作る(通例 B はもとの形状をとどめない)) | |||
(d) | turn A into B | (A(物)を B(別の物)に変える、翻訳する) | |
(e) | put A into B | (A(考えなど)を B(言葉など)に表現する、翻訳する) | |
(f) | translate A into B | (A(文など)を B に翻訳する、変える) | |
(g) | transform A into B | (A を B に変形させる、変質させる) |
(h) | He'll | talk us into | leaving. | (A を説得して〜させる) |
force | (A に無理やり〜させる) | |||
deceive | (A をだまして〜させる) | |||
trick | (A をだまして〜させる) | |||
fool | (A をだまして〜させる) |
(cf. talk A out of doing:A を説得して〜させない |
cheat A out of B:A をだまして B を奪う |
trick A out of B:A をだまして B を奪う |
fool A out of B:A をだまして B を奪う) |
(2) | The police have to | look into | the cause. | (研究する、調査する) |
(a) | go into | (徹底的に調べる) | ||
(b) | inquire into | (事件・事実などを調査する、取り調べる) | ||
(c) | search into | (調査する) |
(cf. examine A:A を調査する、検査する、診察する、試験する |
investigate A:人・団体など(特に公的機関)が A を詳細に調べる |
inspect A for B:A(物・事)に B(欠陥など)がないかと詳しく調べる |
look up A / A up in B:A(単語など)を B(辞典など)で調べる |
look through A / A through:A(ひとまとまりの物・場所)を何かを捜し出すために一通り目を通す、調べる;A(印刷物)を誤りがないかどうか調べる |
look over A:概略を素早くつかむために A にざっと目を通す) |
目次 | 上へ |